So what does referencing include?
A. In-text citations, which can take three forms:
- Paraphrasing, in which you keep consitently the original author’s >B. A reference list in the final end of one’s essay, which includes details such as for instance:
- Author(s)
- Date of publication
- Title
- Publisher and place of publication (for books)
- Journal name, volume and issue (for journals)
- Internet address or doi (digital object >
Referencing is integral to academic essay writing and shouldn’t be looked at as an ‘add-on’. You ensure 100% accuracy when you are referencing, always use a referencing guide to help.</td>
Normally, when writing an essay at university you’re going to be likely to only use sources that are academic. The learning that is following on source credibility will help you to determine whether an external source is academic or perhaps not.
The APA is used by the chocolate essay style of referencing, that is an easy task to distinguish through the Harvard Author-Date System, given that format is significantly diffent:
| attempt to achieve a balance between both types of in text-references in your essay writing. |
Reference list
Within the APA style of referencing, the reference list has conventions that are certain you have to also follow. Check out examples from the chocolate essay:
| Don’t make referencing something you are doing in the same way an editing or proofreading activity. Include your in-text citations and reference list in the first draft. |
An excellent website to assistance with your APA referencing may be the APA Interactive tool at Massey University.
Leave yourself plenty of time to look at your essay over and over again. For a 1000 word essay you may need at the very least 3 days to redraft your essay.
| Always save each draft as a file that is separate then you can certainly see how your essay develops and improves. |
Here are the kinds of questions you should think about:
You can have a look at other checklists similar to this one on editing your very own work.
Let’s see how the writer of the chocolate essay redrafted their original introduction:
Now compare the above because of the draft that is final
Since Spanish explorers brought back chocolate through the „“ new world „“, chocolate consumption is now a worldwide phenomenon. To start with, chocolate, a derivative of this cacao bean, was consumed as a glass or two, only later achieving mass popularity in tablet or bar form. However, chocolate’s popularity that is inherent not equate to it possessing healthy properties, as suggested by the title. The realities of chocolate tend to be more right down to earth; a number of those realities will likely to be addressed in this specific article. Chocolate has chemical properties that can influence mood and there’s possible evidence for some positive impacts of chocolate on cardiovascular health. Yet, such positive attributes are counterbalanced somewhat because of the argument that, in some instances, chocolate can be viewed a drug instead of a food. Moreover, there is the risk of some correlation between over-consumption of obesity and chocolate. Thus, it’s going to be argued that despite chocolate’s positive effect in some cases on mood in addition to cardiovascular system it has also been linked to addiction and obesity.
Invest some time and start to become careful when redrafting—it shall be worth every penny!
How will you write in an way that is academic?
Your lecturers will want to hear your ‘voice’ as they read your essay.
Imagine your essay as a type or kind of story. You might be the principal storyteller, the interior voice of the writer, leading the reader through to your conclusion.
During the story, you will find different voices that appear every once in awhile. These are the external voices (citations) that add substance to your story, providing detail and support for just what you will be saying and sometimes even giving an alternative perspective. The external voices could be divided into two categories in your essay: the direct external voice of an author (through a quote that is direct additionally the indirect external voice of an author (through a paraphrase).
The reader has to know at all right times whose voice they’ve been hearing. Can it be your internal voice or even the external voice of other authors?
You could wonder how you can include your own personal voice and still sound academic while you are currently talking about a area that is subject which you have little (or no) knowledge. As well as your voice does not mean that you need to say ‘I think’ or ‘in my opinion’.
Check out types of the critical/analytical language you present other people’s ideas that you can use as your own internal voice when:
| It has been suggested that… (Smith & Jones, 2010; Brown & Culbertson, 2005; Lloyd & Giggs, 2004) | Showing which you recognise a quantity of authors have reached an identical conclusion, and also you might/might not agree with it |
| One benefit of the job of Smith and Jones (2010)… | Showing that you are positively engaging with an external source |
Let’s look at one of several paragraphs from the chocolate essay to see how the text is an interplay of this internal voice associated with the writer and the external voices of other authors.
The internal voice of this writer is colour-coded in yellow; the indirect external voices of other authors (for example. paraphrases) are coded in grey; and also the direct external voices of other authors (in other words. quotations) are coded in blue.
That is a paragraph that is balanced. The writer sets the scene at the beginning of the topic sentence and also links together all of the sentences, utilizing their own voice to guide into content that is supplied by the external voices.
Glance at the same paragraph re-written, with all the level of the writer’s voice substantially reduced:
Here the writer just isn’t charge that is‘in of this paragraph, plus it reads similar to an inventory. That is something your lecturers don’t want to see.
| when you’re drafting your paragraphs, use a colour-coding system like the main one used here. It can help you make sure your academic voice is that is clear |
Whenever you have more confident in making use of external sources, you are going to gradually expand the language of one’s critical internal voice. The Phrasebank website at Manchester University provides examples of some more expressions to make use of when assessing sources that are external.
Editing is targeted on the picture that is big such as overall structure, appropriate paragraphing and whether the question has been answered.
Proofreading has a micro-focus on the important points of the essay, such as formatting, grammar and punctuation.
Everybody has their own style that is personal of and proofreading. You need to concentrate on the forms of errors you commonly make by looking during the marker’s comments on your own previous work.
Some individuals proofread alone; some get other people involved. Having others involved is a idea that is really good.
